History of Developmental Biology
Vitalism
vs
Physio-Chemical
Reductionism
F Wöhler
(1800 - 1879) synthesizes
urea
(1828)
The
Father of Organic Chemistry
, or the "
Wöhler Myth
" ?
Determinative
vs
Regulative
Development
W Roux
(1850 - 1924)
Mosaicism
of "
Half
"-Frog embryo (1888 experiments)
H Driesch
(1867 - 1941)
Pluripotency
of 4-cell sea urchin embryos (1892 experiments)
H Spemann
(1869 - 1941) [Nobel, 1935] -
Microsurgical
techniques
Grey Crescent
- determination of
Dorsal / Ventra
l axis
Induction of Eye
Organizer Principle
&
H Mangold
- determination of three-layered
gastrula
embryo
RM Eakin
(1910 - 1999) "
Great Scientists Speak Again: Hans Spemann
" [
online video
]
HOMEWORK
:
What is the original distinction between
Organic
&
Inorganic
chemistry, as compared to the present distinction?
Compare and contrast
Vitalism
with
Reductionism
as theories of the development of living beings.
Text material
©
2022 by
Steven M. Carr