Jean Baptiste de Lamarck (1744 - 1829)
In full, Jean-Baptiste
Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck, 18th
century French evolutionist, best known for his "Zoological
Philosophy" (1809) which advanced the first modern
theory of evolution, including a concept of inheritance of acquired
characteristics.
Lamarck offered a brief,
hypothetical explanation of the Giraffe's neck that the animals
stretched them in order to reach the leaves at the tops of
trees. This stretching was then passed on to the offspring of
the successful Giraffes. Lamarck
offered no supporting evidence: he himself had never seen
giraffes feeding. As a member of the French aristocracy who
sided with the Revolution, his ideas were suspect both on the
Continent and in Britain.
Modern studies have shown that Giraffes feed near the middle of trees. Males use their necks and heads as clubs in agonistic combat over access to females: sexual selection on longer necks provide mechanical advantage.