Trisomy-18 (2n=46,18+)
(Edward Syndrome)
is the second most common trisomy after Down Syndrome, and
occurs in 1 / 4 ~ 8000 live births. It is three times more
prevalent in newborn girls than in boys. Trisomy 18
is characterized by microcephaly, a high forehead,
profound psycho-motor retardation, and serious heart
malformations including ventral and atrial septal defects,
and patent ductus
arteriosus, a persistent opening between the
heart chambers that prevents efficient blood flow.
Life expectancy is typically very short: 90% of children
die in the first year. In contrast, Joseph, pictured here,
lived to two months short of 22 years.
His parents write: "It is important
for readers to understand that some, albeit very few,
children with trisomy 18 survive into adulthood. The
live birth prevalence towards girls becomes more
pronounced with age as girls dramatically out-survive
boys in later months / years."