Table 2
AMOVA (Analysis of Molecular Variance) for four Harp Seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus) breeding Grounds

    ϕϕSC is the equivalent of FST for haploid data like mtDNA sequences. The four breeding populations of Harp Seals show significant differentiation in the trans-Atlantic comparisons ( ϕϕSC = 0.13 for NL Ice Front vs WS White Sea), as well as between the two eastern populations ( ϕϕSC = 0.10 for the WS White Sea vs GS Jan Mayen Island in the Greenland Sea). The two western Atlantic populations in the SG Gulf of St Lawrence and NL Ice Front are not significantly differentiated ( ϕϕSC = 0.03). [ ϕϕSC is mislabeled as ϕϕST in the MS].

Data from Carr et al. (2015); text © 2025 by Steven M Carr