Muller was a student of TH Morgan, and his search
for a more efficient way of generating observable mutational
changes led to the discovery of the mutagenic properties
of X-rays and other forms of ionizing radiation. For
this, he received the Nobel Prize in 1946. Muller had
Marxist political views, and experienced difficulties in his
initial faculty positions at Rice University in Houston and
the University of Texas, Austin. He lived and worked in the
Soviet Union between 1932 ~ 1936, before the increasingly
anti-Mendelian influence of TD
Lysenko made his position untenable. In later
years he spoke out against the negative health effects of
radiation and nuclear weapons testing.